a)
a = (3^20+3^19+3^18) : 13
a = 3^18 ×(3^2+3^1+1) : 13
a = 3^18 × (9+4) : 13
a = 3^18 × 13 : 13
a = 3^18 = (3^9)^2 este patrat perfect
b)
n = 3^71 × 4^62
71 = 4×17+3
U(3^71) =U(3^4×17+3) = U(3^3) =U(27) = 7
62 = 4×15+2
U(4^62) = U(4^4×15+2) =U(4^2) =U(16) = 6
U(n) = U(7×6) =U(42) = 2